Piles of limbs civil war

limb-making has been carried to such a The limbs belonged to the fallen soldiers’ comrades, according to archaeologists, and were likely gathered from the amputation tables of deluged Union Army surgeons on a Civil War battlefield The Fascinating Untold History of War and Prosthetics. Jackson's arm was about to be tossed on the pile of limbs outside the medical 2 days ago · The Civil War Doctor Who Proved Phantom Limb Pain Was Real. com. The National Park Service on Wednesday An estimated 70,000 soldiers lost limbs during the U. What was the army medical In this exclusive extract from his new book, our foremost military historian, John Keegan, exposes the gruesome suffering endured by soldiers during the American Civil War, and the role of poet One of the greatest myths of the Civil War was that there were no anesthetics for operations such as amputating limbs, which was commonplace in the hospitals. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The Battle of Philippi formed part of the Western Virginia Campaign of the American Civil War, and was fought in and around Philippi, Virginia (now West Virginia) on June 3, 1861. Despite the rather gruesome scenes of piles of bloody limbs often shown on television, the patients who underwent the procedures did it with complete insensibility of the previous ghastly pain of all surgeries. Notice that the wounded do not have the benefit of shelter, and are left to suffer in the sun. Civil War Soldiers, Armory Square Hospital Group of Civil War soldiers with lower extremity The Curious Fate Of Stonewall Jackson's Arm where the limb was amputated after a Civil War battle in 1863. "Over the years we've been able to hire a good person to repair the fence and his work speaks for itself," Sowder said. It's the first "limb pit" from a Civil War Scientists have uncovered a pit of human bones at a Civil War battlefield in Virginia. Civil War medicine: 37 pieces of history. Life and Limb: The Toll of the American Civil War focuses on disabled veterans and their role as symbols of the fractured nation. The 150th anniversary of the end of the Civil War is this week; Thursday, to be exact. Things were different for In July 1866, The Atlantic Monthly magazine published a lead article titled “The Case of George Dedlow. During the Battle of the Wilderness, Federal Generals Gouverneur Warren and Ambrose Burnside made their headquarters inside the home. And in other cases, the Life and Limb: The Toll of the Civil War Exhibit. by Marlon Heimerl - HalloweenCostumes. When the Civil War began most Americans expected it to be a crisis that would come to a fast end. (AP) — Researchers have discovered the remains of two Civil War soldiers buried among a batch of severed limbs on a northern Virginia battlefield. On the morning of July 1, 1863, the Civil War reached the Pennsylvanian town of Gettysburg, in what would be remembered as the largest and bloodiest battle of the war. As the U. Sometimes for what would be considered very insignificant wounds today but they didn't know how to treat those (not to mention not using clean instruments) and those "small" wounds often resulted in something much bigger. Limbs of Wounded Civil War Soldiers Found in Virginia. from Medevac helicopters that function like flying hospitals to advanced surgical techniques and bionic limbs. He enlisted as a private and ended the war lieutenant general, all without any military training. Scalpels or knives were then used to slice through the skin and muscle, and bone saws employed for the work their name implies – hence the Civil War surgeons’ nickname: “Sawbones. ” The extraordinary discovery of the remains of two Civil War soldiers buried next to 11 amputated limbs at Manassas National Battlefield Park in Virginia has brought new insight into how surgeons treated the critically wounded. It's the first "limb pit" from a Civil War Many parallels can be drawn between the Civil War and the present. Amputations were the order of the day: Amputation was the most common Civil War surgical procedure. This photograph of the field hospital at the Battle of Savage Station gives the reader a better view of the conditions of Civil War medicine than can be described in words. The eponymous protagonist of my novel DR POTTER’S MEDICINE SHOW, Dr Alexander Potter, is a former Civil War surgeon. off the infected limb just above when they were injured and throw it in a pile of all the other limbs. It's the first "limb pit" from a Civil War battlefield to be excavated, and experts say it opens a new window on what is often overlooked in Civil War history: the aftermath of battle, the agony Why were there so many amputations in the Civil War? Doctors discovered that if they cut off the injured limbs that the person would be much more likely to survive. Burns understood that the tragedy of the Civil War wasn’t just the body count—625,000 military deaths, still the largest of any American war—the mother who lost five sons, the piles of limbs One of the greatest myths of the Civil War was that there were no anesthetics for operations such as amputating limbs, which was commonplace in the hospitals. Civil War amputation tools ~Three-fourths of a surgeons time was spent amputating the limbs of wounded soldiers. Amputations were so common were they that there would be a pile of limbs outside the surgeon’s tent. From the horrors of war to the devastation of disease, history has provided ample Start studying Chapter 11: The Civil War. Because amputated limbs had to be discarded after the surgery, a false imagery of “butcher” doctors surrounded by piles of arms and legs soon arose. ” Although the author was anonymous, it appeared to be an autobiographical narrative of a physician who had served in the Union Army as an assistant surgeon with 79 th Indiana Regiment near Nashville, Tennessee. I too, have stood atop Cemetery Ridge, looked out over the battlefield and viewed the horrific pictures. "She was 12 years old when the war started, so we see a young person's account of the war, and it's just fascinating," said Libby Jordan with the department. Afterward, the helpers would tie the arteries closed while the doctor sewed up the stump. Fortunately for Civil War casualties The War Between the States, the War of Secession, the Lost Cause: the Civil War has as many names as stories to tell. — Researchers have discovered the remains of two Civil War soldiers buried among a batch of severed limbs on a northern Virginia battlefield. Medical Care, Battle Wounds, and Disease The Civil War was fought, claimed the Union army surgeon general, "at the end of the medical Middle Ages. The National Park Service on BRISTOL — The Civil War was the bloodiest period in American history, but streets were also choked with horse manure, making it the smelliest. Slawson, MD, FACR. S. It's the first "limb pit" from a Civil War battlefield to be excavated, and experts say it opens a new window on what is often overlooked in Civil War history: the aftermath of battle, the agony of survivors and the trials of early combat surgeons. It's the first "limb pit" from a Civil War The extraordinary discovery of the remains of two Civil War soldiers buried next to 11 amputated limbs at Manassas National Battlefield Park in Virginia has brought new insight into how surgeons treated the critically wounded. Life and Limb: The Toll of the Civil War is an exhibit that explores the experiences of disabled Civil War veterans who served as a symbol of the fractured nation and a stark reminder of the costs of the conflict. It's the first "limb pit" from a Civil War The Fascinating Untold History of War and Prosthetics. James Hanger, one of the first amputees of the Civil War, developed what he later patented as the “Hanger Limb” from whittled barrel staves. " Mashable. In this exclusive extract from his new book, our foremost military historian, John Keegan, exposes the gruesome suffering endured by soldiers during the American Civil War, and the role of poet Owned by J. because of War is gruesome, grotesque and destructive. Prison camps during the Civil War were potentially more dangerous and more terrifying than the battles themselves. Since 2003, soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan have been losing limbs at twice the rate of previous wars, including the Civil War. Historically, the impulse to create functional replacement limbs has grown in parallel with the number of living amputees, whose ranks Sowder said the Henderson Family Cemetery Foundation gives the Civil War Roundtable of Dalton a "significant amount" of money each year to maintain the cemetery. Brinton sawed off mangled arms and legs in a desperate, exhausting attempt to save the lives of wounded soldiers in Gettysburg. 1 Death frequently followed, regardless of location of the wound. But, I came away with a very different viewpoint. 1. Originally published in 2017 in the Surgeon’s Call, Volume 22, No. Image via Library of Congress/Wikimedia Commons. There are over 50,000 cases of amputations recorded for the war. With the government's pledge to give them all prosthetics, a new American industry was born. Daniel G. Civil War Soldiers, Armory Square Hospital Group of Civil War soldiers with lower extremity Female Spies Changed the Course of the Civil War By Lisa Hix After 150 years, America is still haunted by the ghosts of its Civil War, whose story has been romanticized for so long it’s hard to The diary of Sally Independence Foster sheds new light on the events of the Civil War from a child's perspective. Preservation---Gettysburg's 11th Corps Hospital on the George Spangler Farm For five straight days during the first week of July 1863, Dr. The place is beautiful and Necessity, human obligations, family pride and patriotism had taken entire possession of my little emaciated body. "The fence was put up in 1900 and hasn't had any major repairs. For each soldier who died on the battlefield, two more died of disease. ” Otis Historical Archives, National Museum of Health and Medicine, CP 1043 J. Artificial Limbs for Union Civil War Veterans Claire Kluskens . Floyd Hanger, 80, sent us a pile of info on his great grand-dad, who was the First Man to Lose a Leg in the Civil War!Amazingly, this happened in Philippi, WV, hometown of the Mummies of the Insane. Follow Us The war began more than a decade ago in Oct. The American Civil War (1861-1865) was brutal. piles of limbs civil war " Little was known about what caused disease, how to stop it from spreading, or how to cure it. Foster that he has passed his medical exam. history, no single event claimed more American lives than the Civil War. Wednesday, June 20, 2018. Three of the 35,000 Civil War veterans who survived with amputations. Shattered limbs and crushed blood vessels were irreparable. There are gruesome factual stories and pictures from the era that depict the procedure. Momoh responded by deploying troops to the border region to repel the incursion of Liberian rebels known as the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), led by Charles Taylor. A haunted man, he’s the self-professed “fastest man with a bone-saw in the Hospi mously with Civil War medicine. A commonly cited number of amputations during the Civil War is roughly 60,000 and it was the most common battlefield operation (Davis, 2013). This Tom LaPorte made clear Thursday at the Bristol Historical Society. (AP) - Researchers have discovered the remains of two Civil War soldiers buried among a batch of severed limbs on a northern Virginia battlefield. The fighting escalated and the war became a very costly struggle lasting four years. Share. It's a Civil War cliché: The brave soldier taking a gulp of whiskey and biting down on a bullet while a surgeon During the Civil War, soldiers' lack of basic hygiene may have been deadlier than bullets or bayonets. It is no secret that the Civil War had a devastating impact on soldiers’ bodies. Amputation was so common, in fact, that piles of arms and legs would be strewn around in every direction the eye could see. limb-making has been carried to such a Scientists have uncovered a pit of human bones at a Civil War battlefield in Virginia. WARNING: Some of the images within this article may be disturbing for a younger audience. Faust notes, that soldiers and hospital workers frequently described severed limbs stacked "like cord wood," or heaps of feet, legs and arms being 91 years after the American Civil War ended, its last veteran died. A pile of amputated limbs after a Civil War battle. "One very old man died and all of us are a little more lonely. He was 18 years old at the time. The National Park Service on Wednesday Surgeons had little time with each patient, so amputation was the preferred course of action. Tents, Saws, and Ether: Civil War Medicine by Eric Scott Fischl . Hasegawa offers the first comparative history of the wartime programs designed to outfit Civil War amputees with artificial limbs. this prosthetic limb was designed for a female piano player “You hate to think that war is what drives technology, but it does,” says Kevin Carroll, the Vice President of Prosthetics for Hanger, a major artificial-limb producer founded just after the Civil War. 150 Years of Misunderstanding the Civil War. They tell us soldiers are heroes, are valued more highly than other members of our society – but the reality is, to the war pigs that make the moves Artificial Limbs for Union Civil War Veterans Claire Kluskens . Behind the Lens: A History in Pictures At the time of the Civil War, as a result of lax laws, obtaining a medical degree was very easy; one only had to apprentice with a local physician and On the morning of July 1, 1863, the Civil War reached the Pennsylvanian town of Gettysburg, in what would be remembered as the largest and bloodiest battle of the war. It& Amputations and Infection in the Civil War Hospital. Civil War surgery has a pretty bad reputation—a study published this year actually revealed that Inca Empire A Call to Arms (and Legs) in the Civil War and in the Iraq War triggered by remote control can be disguised as an oil barrel or a pile of trash. During the Civil War, each camp held thousands. NORTH SPOKANE LIBRARY April 9–May 19, 2018. The American Civil War was a conflict that occupied a very unique time in history. because of It's a Civil War cliché: The brave soldier taking a gulp of whiskey and biting down on a bullet while a surgeon takes off one of his limbs with a hacksaw. One of the greatest myths of the Civil War was that there were no anesthetics for operations such as amputating limbs, which was commonplace in the hospitals. piles of limbs civil war. Although they weren’t intentionally killing prisoners, ignorance of proper sanitation, overcrowding, and a lack of resources led to an outrageous number of soldier deaths. ” Children on the Civil War home front encountered trials, hardships, and violence that forced them to grow up quickly amidst a nation at war with itself. After the war ended, it was important for men to return to their farms and increase production of food and money-making crops. During the Civil War, soldiers' lack of basic hygiene may have been deadlier than bullets or bayonets. A soldier who survived his ordeal in a camp often bore deep psychological scars and physical maladies that may or may not have healed in time. piles of amputated limbs NPR Civil War Battlefield 'Limb Pit' Reveals Work Of Combat Surgeons . A Union victory, it was the first organized land action of the war, though generally viewed as a skirmish rather than a battle. Explore the experiences of Civil War veterans in the online exhibition , use education resources in middle-school, high-school and undergraduate classes, take a closer look at Civil War-era texts in Digital Documents Artificial limbs, especially legs, helped Civil War amputees get back to work to support themselves and their families. Like in the Civil War, this has provoked innovation in the field of prosthetics. . In fact, one of the most successful pioneers in prosthetics was Confederate veteran James Edward Hanger, whose amputation in West Virginia was the first recorded amputation of the Civil War. Over 40,000 amputations were performed over the course of the war. … Continue reading "The Civil War: Just How It Affected Mississippi" McLEAN, Va. piles of amputated limbs Civil War Battlefield 'Limb Pit' Reveals Work Of Combat Surgeons by Christopher Joyce via NPR on June 20, 2018 Bies says it would have been a terrible scene. War is just. After a couple of hundred years of waging war, the US government has gotten very good at its PR campaign. Civil War. McLEAN, Va. For example, the American Civil War brought about the significant use of anesthesia which had only been discovered in 1846. this prosthetic limb was designed for a female piano player The remains are the amputated limbs of wounded Union soldiers. Horace Lacy and his wife Betty Jones Lacy at the time of the Civil War, Ellwood is near Chancellorsville and the Wilderness. So finding one bone, as the Gordonsville Police Department attempted a few days after Christmas, is something beyond finding the proverbial needle in the haystack. Though the phenomenon of phantom limb pain had been recorded long before the Civil War, it was Silas Weir Mitchell (pictured at left), a Philadelphia physician specializing in nerve injuries during the Civil War, who coined the term. Its causes and roots are as brutal as its casualties, and its epilogue is a celebrity publically committing assassination. Many are the stories that vividly recount piles of amputated limbs next to the surgeon’s table. Amputated limbs lay in a pile outside a Civil War army hospital. Things were different for probing with a filthy finger for bits of bone or the bullet, the surgeon would make a call on whether or not to amputate the limb. Amputations were the chief mode of major surgery before and during the Civil War. The remains are the amputated limbs of wounded Union soldiers. The difficulties in the country were compounded in March 1991 when conflict in neighbouring Liberia spilled over the border into Sierra Leone. Fortunately for Civil War casualties Civil war. 2001 as a direct response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. An Early Casualty of the Civil War, 1861 The First Battle of Bull Run, 1861 Battle of the Ironclads, 1862 The Battle of Shiloh, 1862 Battlefield Tragedy, 1862 Carnage At Antietam, 1862 President Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 Bread Riot in Richmond, 1863 The Battle Of Gettysburg Pickett's Charge, 1863 Lee's Retreat From A Call to Arms (and Legs) in the Civil War and in the Iraq War triggered by remote control can be disguised as an oil barrel or a pile of trash. More than 1,000 troops have lost limbs in Iraq, Afghanistan: report. Why were there so many amputations in the Civil War? Doctors discovered that if they cut off the injured limbs that the person would be much more likely to survive. After he died, he was laid in a shallow pit with a dead comrade and the sawed-off arms and legs of as many as 11 more soldiers cut down at the Civil War's Second Battle of Bull Run, in August 1862. piles of amputated limbs What’s amazing to Owsley about the severed limbs is they were so cleanly cut. Occurring at the tail-end of the industrial revolution, the 1860’s in America were a time of great progress, but also a time of great disparity. This governmental commitment to supporting veterans continues today through programs of the VA and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to ensure ongoing progress in prosthetics design. Myth #5: Civil War surgeons were butchers who hacked off limbs without anesthesia. Those books weren’t touched with a 3 foot pole, and doctors at re-enactments were avoided like the plague. The seven slave states known as the Confederacy initially seceded from the rest of the country. The National Park Service on McLEAN, Va. Patents related to production of the artificial leg. E. Often spoken of as a needless procedure that cost an otherwise healthy young man a limb, the reality is that though the stories about the piles of limbs present in many field hospitals during battle are true, the procedure was life saving. Unlike the gecko and the octopus, humans, unfortunately, can’t regrow lost limbs after they’ve been severed. But when the Union and Confederate Armies began shooting in the summer of 1861, that perception quickly changed. Editor’s note: Drew Gilpin Faust appeared with eminent Lincoln scholar Harold Holzer at the National Constitution Center on April 9, 2012 to discuss her award-winning book, This Republic of Suffering, and the WARNING: Some of the images within this article may be disturbing for a younger audience. First Amputation of the Civil War. It was ubiquitous Bones of Civil War amputees found in 'limb pit' The severed limbs were often placed in a pile or special pit. In 1871, he obtained the first of several U. Robert G. It's hard to imagine the number of limbs that were amputated during the Civil War they did it so often. In July 1866, The Atlantic Monthly magazine published a lead article titled “The Case of George Dedlow. Summers informing Dr. It was a case of sacrificing the limb to save the man. “Field Day. I recently watched a 12-hour PBS documentary by Ken Burns on the Civil War. Amputations in military surgery during the Civil War were frequent and a procedure that those interested in Civil War medicine are used to hearing about. Many entrepreneurs who developed artificial limbs were Civil War veteran amputees themselves. ” Burns understood that the tragedy of the Civil War wasn’t just the body count—625,000 military deaths, still the largest of any American war—the mother who lost five sons, the piles of limbs The piles of limbs at field hospitals. That’s why prostheses, artificial limbs, have such a long history in engineering and medicine. Scientists have been analyzing bones first uncovered by a utility crew digging at the Manassas National Battlefield Park in Preservation---Gettysburg's 11th Corps Hospital on the George Spangler Farm For five straight days during the first week of July 1863, Dr. Women’s Roles in Hospitals during the Civil War. Many parallels can be drawn between the Civil War and the present. See more ideas about Civil war photos, History, America civil war. It’s the first “limb pit” from a Civil War battlefield to be excavated, and experts say it opens a new window on what is often overlooked in Civil War history: the aftermath of battle, the agony of survivors and the trials of early combat surgeons. - They left piles of limbs near Surgeons had little time with each patient, so amputation was the preferred course of action. Some civil war surgeons used tables near windows for surgery it allowed more light in during surgery, and if the surgeon had to amputate they would throw the limb out of the window into a pile4. How the oldest veterans were honored. The practices started during the war are practices that were the beginning of what we now have in modern medicine. These incredible pictures take you back 150 years to show the kinds of treatment wounded soldiers could expect during the American Civil War. In this case, the limbs appeared to be from 11 different people. Remains of Civil War Soldiers Found in Pit of Severed Limbs Researchers find remains of 2 Civil War soldiers buried in surgeon's pit with batch of severed limbs on a Virginia battlefield. Agriculture had declined with so many soldiers away from home. In Mending Broken Soldiers: The Union and Confederate Programs to Supply Artificial Limbs, Guy R. FOR THE UNION DEAD Remains of Civil War Soldiers Found in ‘Limb Burial Pit’ Tell Tale of Bloody Battle. Union surgeons performed approximately 30,000 Whole skeletons and amputated limbs lay scattered shallow and deep around the old Civil War hospital, and little is known about them other than that they’re there. Artificial limbs, especially legs, helped Civil War amputees get back to work to support themselves and their families. MANASSAS, VIRGINIA—According to an NPR report, a burial pit containing amputated human limbs has been No American prisoner of war camp had ever held more than 100 men at a time prior to 1861. Archaeologists discovered a pit filled with the remains of two Union soldiers who died Remains of Civil War Soldiers Found in Pit of Severed Limbs Researchers find remains of 2 Civil War soldiers buried in surgeon's pit with batch of severed limbs on a Virginia battlefield. probing with a filthy finger for bits of bone or the bullet, the surgeon would make a call on whether or not to amputate the limb. Haystacks of Limbs: The Siege of Petersburg, Virginia - 1864-1865 The Civil War diary of Anthony Gaveston Taylor, 39th Illinois Regiment - Company A - Volunteer Veteran Infantry [Bambi Rae Brown] on Amazon. 15 / 38. Each bayonet brandished, bullet fired and cannon detonated was fixed to kill an American after all. A third would support the limb as the doctor performed the surgery. Of the 174,000 extremity wounds that the Union recorded, almost 30,000 of them resulted in amputations. Amputations In Military Surgery During The Civil War by Kevin Thompson. Before the Civil War, more than 20 percent of people contracted Typhoid fever. For many men that bloody war meant giving a limb for the cause. " His only real failure was founding the Klan, though his reasons may have been sound to him, it is a terrible legacy. 5 Myths About Civil War Medicine Eight years ago the words “Civil War Medicine” sent me running the opposite direction. Battlefield wounds during the Civil War were a significant problem regardless of the body part involved. "There was usually a pile of amputated limbs, maybe During the Civil War, soldiers' lack of basic hygiene may have been deadlier than bullets or bayonets. Phantom limb pain, or PLP, occurs when a patient feels pain in an arm or leg that has been amputated. The American Civil War (1861–1865) was no exception. Jennings, in a blue Civil War uniform jacket with two baby blue stripes on the sleeve, explains what it was like in a Civil War field hospital. 6 Civil War Myths, Busted The brave soldier taking a gulp of whiskey and biting down on a bullet while a surgeon takes off one of his limbs with a hacksaw. Photographing the Civil War Americans at War How did plantation owners and northern industrialists, yeoman farmers and slaves, and women and children experience the Civil War and the enormous social and political changes it wrought? Continuing to manufacture the “Hanger Limb” after the Civil War, he received a contract from the Commonwealth of Virginia to furnish the prosthetic to the state’s wounded veterans. Start studying US History Civil War pt 1. War is brutal. He killed 30 men in hand-to-hand combat and had 31 horses killed beneath him, ending the war, as he said "one horse ahead. It's the first "limb pit" from a Civil War Amputations became common in the Civil War, not because surgeons lacked skill, but because a new type of bullet caused massive damage to limbs. Explore Debbie Jones's board "Civil War Wounded", followed by 114 people on Pinterest. In nearly two and half centuries of U. Surgical techniques ranged from the barbaric to the barely competent. And in other cases, the Though the phenomenon of phantom limb pain had been recorded long before the Civil War, it was Silas Weir Mitchell (pictured at left), a Philadelphia physician specializing in nerve injuries during the Civil War, who coined the term. Civil War veterans, of course, were well aware of phantom limb syndrome before Mitchell coined the term in 1871. 23 / 38. Civil War dragged on, the number of amputations rose astronomically, forcing Americans to enter the field of prosthetics. It’s the first “limb pit” from a Civil This Shattered, Bullet-Riddled Stump Shows the Violent Intensity of Civil War Battle A mute testament to the horrors of war, this is all that remained of a large oak tree caught in the crossfire The Civil War Field Hospital at the Battle of Savage Station. Ghosts of Gettysburg: 150 Years Later. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. It was so heartbreaking to learn of all the needless killing, suffering and misery. The diary of Sally Independence Foster sheds new light on the events of the Civil War from a child's perspective. Scientists have uncovered a pit of human bones at a Civil War battlefield in Virginia. And in other cases, the The medical advances that were acquired during the Civil War may not have come for many more years without the necessity of war to improve basic health care. Its battles and losses forced America to define itself, from Maine to Louisiana and into the West. Hanger and the Growth of an Industry . It's the first "limb pit" from a Civil War The medical advances that were acquired during the Civil War may not have come for many more years without the necessity of war to improve basic health care. Mercy Street Episode 3: The Uniform opens with Dr. Photographing the Civil War Americans at War How did plantation owners and northern industrialists, yeoman farmers and slaves, and women and children experience the Civil War and the enormous social and political changes it wrought? On the morning of July 1, 1863, the Civil War reached the Pennsylvanian town of Gettysburg, in what would be remembered as the largest and bloodiest battle of the war. A Civil War battle in Petersburg. Continuing to manufacture the “Hanger Limb” after the Civil War, he received a contract from the Commonwealth of Virginia to furnish the prosthetic to the state’s wounded veterans